![]() Characteristic of Chopin's style are the slight changes in tempo and the filigree of high ornamental tones. A lyrical legato melody is accompanied by flowing arpeggios which emphasize the meter (1-2-3-4-5-6). Chopin Chopin is in the style of a nocturne, or "night piece," by Frédéric Chopin. Together, Chiarina, Chopin, Estrella, and Reconnaissance reveal different facets of Schumann's musical personality. Chiarina, Estrella, and Reconnaissance all open with the same three-note group, A flat-C-B natural (see the letters at the beginning of the music examples). The first and third of these are in minor keys, and the second and fourth are in major. ![]() 11-14) illustrate the contrasting moods within Carnaval. The four successive pieces Chiarina, Chopin, Estrella, and Reconnaissance (Nos. We will now focus on four pieces from this best-known of Schumann's extended piano works. By using musical ideas related to himself and his fiancée, Schumann permeated Carnaval with autobiographical references. However, these links are quite concealed, because the same notes are presented in ever-changing rhythms, melodic shapes, and harmonies. Schumann used these four-note or three-note groups to open most of the pieces in Carnaval, creating musical links between them. They are musical symbols." In German, B natural is known as H, and so the letters A S C H refer to the four notes A-E flat-C-B natural, if the S is read as Es (German for E flat) or to the three notes A flat-C-B natural, if A and S are compressed to As (German for A flat). ![]() In 1834, Schumann wrote that he had "just discovered that the name Asch (Ernestine's birthplace) is very musical and contains letters that also occur in my name (SCHumAnn). Carnaval was inspired partly by Schumann's brief engagement to Ernestine von Fricken, an eighteen-year-old pianist who studied with Clara Wieck's father. This "musical picture gallery," as Schumann called it, includes sketches of fellow musicians, young women in the composer's life, stock characters from commedia dell'arte (Italian improvised theater), and self-portraits representing the introverted and outgoing sides of his own personality (Eusebius and Florestan). ![]() Carnaval is a cycle of twenty-one brief pieces with descriptive titles evoking a festive masked ball, with its varied characters, moods, and activities. ![]()
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